Fascinating
facts about the invention
of
Chewing Gum by Thomas
Adams in 1870. |
CHEWING
GUM |
AT A GLANCE:
After he was defeated by the Americans in Texas, Mexican General Santa Anna
was exiled to New York. Like many of his countrymen, Santa Anna chewed
chicle. One day he introduced it to inventor Thomas Adams, who began experimenting
with it as a substitute for rubber. Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots
out of chicle, but every experiment failed. Sitting in his workshop
one day,tired and discouraged, he popped a piece of surplus stock into
his mouth. In 1870, he opened the
worlds first chewing gum factory making Adams New York No.
1. |
THE
STORY
RELATED INFO
BOOKS
WEB SITES
WHERE TO FIND
HOW IT WORKS
DID YOU KNOW? |
|
Invention: |
chewing gum |
|
|
Function: |
noun / the first brand name was Adams
New York No. 1 |
|
Definition: |
A sweetened and flavored preparation for
chewing, usually made of chicle. Continusily manufactured since
1848, The first flavored gum was called Black Jack |
| Patent: |
Patent # 111,798 (US) issued February
14, 1871 |
|
| Inventor: |
Thomas Adams Sr. |
|
|
Criteria: |
First practical. Entrepreneur. |
| Birth: |
1818 |
| Death: |
1905 |
|
Nationality: |
|
|
Milestones:
1848 John Curtis made and sold the first commercial chewing gum
called Maine Pure Spruce Gum.
1850,Curtis started selling flavored paraffin gums becoming more popular
than spruce gums.
1869 Patent # 98,304 issued December 28 to William Finley Semple for
rubber based chewing gum
1850 Mexican General Santa Anna introduces chicle to Thomas Adams
1870 Adams and his sons opened the first chewing gum factory making Adams New York No.
1.
1970 Patent # 107,883 issued September 27 to Weaton W. Kilbourn for a
tobacco substitute gum.
1871 Patent # 111,798 issued February 14 to Thomas Adams for a process
to manufacture gum
1871 Adams created a licorice-flavored gum called Black Jack.. The first
flavored gum
1880 John Colgan invented a way to make chewing gum taste better for a
longer period of time
1888 Adams' chewing gum called Tutti-Frutti became the first chew to be
sold in a vending machine
1891 Wrigley Chewing Gum founded by William Wrigley Jr..
1899 Adams and Sons merged with 6 other manufacturers and renamed the
American Chicle Co.
1906 Frank Fleer invented the first bubble gum called Blibber-Blubber
gum. However, was never sold.
1914 William Wrigley, Jr.
and Henry Fleer create the Wrigley Doublemint brand
1928 Walter Diemer invents Double Bubble from the original Frank Fleer
formula |
|
Story:
People have enjoyed chewing gum-like
substances in many lands and from very early times. Some of these materials were
thickened resin and latex from certain kinds of trees. Others were various sweet
grasses, leaves, grains and waxes.
For centuries the ancient Greeks chewed mastic gum
(or mastiche pronounced "mas-tee-ka"). This is the resin obtained from the bark
of the mastic tree, a shrub-like tree found on the island of Chios,
Greece. Grecian women
especially favored chewing mastic gum to clean their teeth and sweeten their breath.
From the Indians of New England, the American colonists learned to chew the gum-like
resin that formed on spruce trees when the bark was cut. Lumps of spruce gum were sold in
the eastern United States during the early 1800s, making it the first commercial chewing
gum in this country. In about 1850, sweetened paraffin wax became popular and eventually
exceeded spruce gum in popularity.After he was defeated by the Americans in Texas, Mexican General Santa Anna
was exiled to New York. Like many of his countrymen, Santa Anna chewed
chicle. One day he introduced it to inventor Thomas Adams, who began experimenting
with it as a substitute for rubber. Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots
out of chicle, but every experiment failed.
Sitting in his workshop one day,tired and
discouraged, he popped a piece of surplus stock into his mouth. Shortly, he opened the
worlds first chewing gum factory making Adams New York No.
1.. |
After success with
pure chicle gum, Adams tried to add flavor to it. He created a
licorice-flavored gum called Black Jack. It was the first gum to be sold
as a stick not in chunks, and was popular with the public. The gum had
one drawback; it could not hold flavor.
The flavor issue was not fixed until 1880. A man named William White
experimented with flavors after receiving a shipment of chicle. He
solved the problem by adding sugar and corn syrup to the mix. The first
flavor he used was peppermint and it stayed in the gum during chewing.
Gum made with chicle and similar
latexes soon won favor over spruce gum and paraffin gum. It made possible a smooth,
springy, satisfying chew that the others lacked, and it held flavors longer and better. By
the early 1900s, with improved methods of manufacturing, packaging and marketing, modern
chewing gum was well on its way to its current popularity. |
TO
LEARN MORE
RELATED INFORMATION:
Invention of Bubble Gum
from The Great Idea Finder
History of Snacks and
Food
from The Great Idea Finder
ON THE BOOKSHELF:
The
Kid Who Invented the Popsicle: And Other Surprising Stories About Inventions
by Don L. Wulffson / Paperback - 128 pages (1999)
/ Puffin
Brief factual stories about how various familiar things were invented, many by accident,
from animal crackers to the zipper.
Panatis Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things
by Charles Panati / Paperback - 480 pages Reissue edition (September 1989) /
HarperCollins
Discover the fascinating stories behind the origins of over 500 everyday items,
expressions and customs.
Bubblemania: A Chewy History of Buble Gum
by Lee Wardlaw, Sandra Forrest (Illustrator) / Paperback: 176 pages /
Simon & Schuster; (1997)
Discusses bubble gum, including important people in the world
of bubble gum, its invention and history, how it is manufactured and
sold today, and gives advice on how to blow really great bubbles.
ON THE WEB:
Thomas Adams History of Chewing Gum
Adans Gum company is now part of Cadbury-Adams Company. Read this
brief history pageand company timeline..
(URL: www.cadburyadams.com/AboutUs/History/tabid/68/Default.aspx)
Wm. Wrigley Jr.
Company
One day in 1891, Mr. Wrigley got the idea to offer merchants free chewing
gum with each can of baking powder they purchased. Today, there are about 20 chewing gum manufacturers, with the
Wrigley Company being the largest.
(URL: www.wrigley.com/wrigley/about/about_story.asp)
History of Chewing Gum and Bubble Gum Gumballs
By the early 20th century, Americans could not get enough of the
confection called chewing gum invented by Thomas Adams. Includes
extensive timeline of gum.
(URL: www.gumballs.com/history.html)
Baseball Cards and Gum
The Topps Company, Inc. entered the baseball card field in the post-World
War II period with its first series in 1951. Actually, the first baseball
cards were issued in the 1880s, some 20 years before the American League was organized in
1901. The early baseball cards were included with cigarettes, and they dominated the
trading card field through the early part of the 20th century.
(URL: www.topps.com/)
National Association of Chewing Gum
Manufacturers
You will find everything there is to know about gum. So, come on in ... browse
around and enjoy the world of gum.
(URL: www.nacgm.org/)
Stupid Candy Museum
Check out the Richard Nixon Bubble Gum, Ant Hill Gum and Snot candy.
(URL: www.stupid.com/museum.htm)
Unwrap
This Site
The history of Topp's trading cards.Which ball players card is in the package.
(URL: www.topps.com/SportsCollect/spc_history.html)
William
Wrigley Jr.
Life and times of Wm. Wrigley.
(URL: www.wrigley.com/wrigley/about/about_story_wm_wrigley_jr_bio.asp)
Candy USA
Estimated Year 2000 Retail Sales - Total - $23.8 Billion; Chocolate - $13 Billion;
Non-chocolate - $7.5; Billion and Gum - $2 Billion. from the National Confectioners
Association * Chocolate Manufacturers Association.
(URL: www.candyusa.org)
WHERE TO FIND:
Black Jack
Chewing Gum
The first flavored chewing gum.Thomas Adams, Sr. introduced Black Jack
gum, the first manufactured, flavored chewing gum, in 1870.
(URL: www.sweetfactory.com/)
HOW IT'S MADE:
How do they make
Gum?
A detailed explanation of how it is done at Wrigley.
(URL: www.wrigley.com/wrigley/about/about_story_plant.asp)
DID YOU KNOW?
- Today, the average American chews 300 sticks of gum a year.
- Did you know that chewing gum has been around for over 900
years?
- A vast area of farmland is required to raise all the mint
plants necessary to meet the Wrigley Companys annual needs for mint oil. If added
together, this farmland would equal 53 square miles, or approximately 30,550 football
fields.The leading mint producing states are Idaho, Indiana, Michigan, Oregon, Washington
and Wisconsin.
- Many doctors, however, said it was unhealthy. In 1869,
one wrote that chewing gum would "exhaust the salivary glands and cause the
intestines to stick together."
- A leading columnist on the subject of etiquette tells a reader
asking about chewing gum in public that it is perfectly all right to do so as long as it
isnt done with too much gusto.
- A manufacturer orders his workers to stop chewing on the
jobbut they go to the National Labor Relations Board and win the right to do so.
- Teachers who used to admonish their students not to chew in
class now use gum to reward good work.
- In the United States alone, there are about 20 chewing gum
manufacturers, with the Wrigley Company being the largest.
- In the United States, total retail sales of chewing gum
(including bubble gum) is over $2.0 billion.
- They can't make chocolate-flavored chewing gum.
Unfortunately, the cocoa butter in chocolate acts as an emulsifier on chewing gum
base, making it extremely soft, negatively affecting the chewing quality of the product.
- To remove chewing gum from hair.Try using peanut butter or
vegetable oil to soften the gum. This should make removing it a bit easier.
- Candy consumption:1997 U.S. per capita confectionery
consumption increased to a new all-time high of 26.7 pounds per person, a 1.8 percent
increase over 1996, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce figures. Americans
enjoyed a total of 7.1 billion pounds of sweet treats last year, led by non-chocolate
candies, which posted a 2.3 percent gain to 12.3 pounds per person.
- Chocolate consumption was up 1 percent, to 11.7 pounds per
person. The remaining 15 pounds consumed includes gum and unspecified candy.
- Candy retail sales in 1997 added up to an estimated $22.7
billion, a $1.3 billion increase over the previous year.
- While Americans enjoy their sweet treats, they are no match
for the Danes. In Denmark, per capita confectionery consumption tops an estimated 33
pounds per person, earning them number one position in candy consumption worldwide.
Americans, overall, rank eighth. October 15, 1998
- Holiday sales in 1998, in millions of U.S. dollars:
Valentines Day $1.033; Easter $1.670; Halloween $1.767; and Christmas $1.418.
|
|
Designated
trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners. |
|
Reference
Sources in BOLD Type. |
This
page revised
February 2, 2007. |
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